after busa its 3G

Finally, India has got the magic of telecommunication “the 3G technology”. The 3G mobile service was launched by the country’s Prime Minister Manmohan Singh in Delhi on 11dec. The service is named ‘jadoo’(magic) and is provided by the state-owned Mahanagar Telephone Nigam ltd(MTNL).

The services include high-speed internet on the mobile, video-calling, video surveillance of their home and office and live TV. Advanced services are expected to be introduced by the service providers when the spectrum is allocated private telecom biggies.

Meanwhile India’s leading telecom operator Bharthi Airtel told that it will be starting its 3G wireless service within six months after the spectrum allocation. The government is expected to auction the 3G spectrum in the month of January next year

PARTICULATE FILTER - NEW TECH. FOR ENVIRONMENT

The particulate filter (PF) used in the new model Citroën cars traps and burns the particles produced by the engine. With the direct-injection common rail technology, the level of particle emissions from the new generation HDi (direct-injection diesel) engine was already particularly low. With the PF, it drops still further to a level that is barely measurable. In this way, the engine goes well beyond the future environmental standards of the European Union.

The PF traps the particles on a filter and burns them at regular intervals.

The particles burn naturally at around 550 °C, but the initial temperature of the exhaust gases The PF modifies these two parameters through:

• a post-injection of fuel in the expansion phase, which generates post-combustion in the cylinder and raises the temperature of the gases by 200 °C to 250 °C, to around 350°C to 400 °C.

• additional post-combustion generated by an oxidation catalyser placed upstream of the filter, which treats the unburned hydrocarbons from the post-injection phase. The temperature may increase by a further 100 °C, up to 450°C or 500 °C.

• the fuel additive Eolys fuel additive. This additive lowers the natural particle combustion temperature to 450 °C.